A powerful geomagnetic storm on June 1, 2025, treated skywatchers across the United States to a rare and vivid display of the northern lights, with auroras visible as far south as Alabama and Northern California. The event, driven by a coronal mass ejection (CME) from the Sun, reached a G4 intensity—just one level below the most extreme classification—according to the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration’s (NOAA) Space Weather Prediction Center.
Typically confined to polar regions, the aurora borealis extended its reach due to the storm’s strength, captivating observers from Washington state to the Midwest and even parts of the South. NOAA reported optimal viewing conditions in areas with clear skies, particularly in the Pacific Northwest, Midwest, and Ohio Valley. Skywatchers were advised to seek dark areas away from urban light pollution and to face north between 10 p.m. and 2 a.m. local time for the best experience.
The phenomenon was triggered by a CME—a massive burst of solar plasma and magnetic fields—that erupted from the Sun on May 30. When such ejections collide with Earth’s magnetic field, they can cause geomagnetic storms, leading to spectacular auroral displays. The storm’s severity allowed the auroras to be seen much farther south than usual, illuminating skies from Michigan and Washington state down to Northern California and Alabama.
While the auroras provided a stunning visual spectacle, the geomagnetic storm also raised concerns about potential disruptions to technology infrastructure. Such storms can affect satellites, radio communications, and power grids. However, as of June 2, no significant disruptions had been reported.
This event underscores the dynamic nature of Earth’s space weather environment and the importance of monitoring solar activity. NOAA’s Space Weather Prediction Center continues to provide real-time updates and forecasts to help mitigate potential impacts from such solar events.
